Under common law and section 14(1) of the Civil Evidence Act 1968, a party may claim privilege against self-incrimination if compelled to disclose information that would tend to expose them to criminal proceedings for an offence or the recovery of a penalty. The risk of incrimination must be real and not remote or insubstantial. For more detail, see Practice note, Privilege against self-incrimination: an overview (www.practicallaw.com/4-205-5300).